The white dragon of the English.
卍 The Anglo-Saxon Futhorc Runes 卐
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English Futhorc is the most comprehensive, practical, & useful runic script.
Futhorc when learnt in the order of the Latin alphabet is known as Oakbirch,
for as the Latin alpha-beta gives us the name "Alphabet", so do the letters Oak-Birch,
both simply being the first two letters of the script.
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The British Museum publishes the book "Runes" by Martin Findell.
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Futhorc was developed for writing Old English.
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Oakbirch was developed for writing Modern English.
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F U TH O R C
卍 The Younger Futhorc - 1999CE 卐
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Oakbirch, when returned to the order of Futhorc, becomes the "Younger Futhorc".
Younger Futhorc uses F ᚠ Feoh, V ᛓ Veoh, K ᛣ Kalc, Q ᛦ Qalc, Qu ᛢ Queorth, & Ch ᛤ Chealc as to be compatible with modern English from the 20th century onwards.
However the arrangement of Younger Futhorc is not typically used today, as Oakbirch is the easiest teaching method, as the Modern English Latin Alphabet is the first taught in English schools.
If Oakbirch is ever arranged into a Futhorc, is it referred to as Younger Futhorc to differentiate it from Futhorc, which logically is referred to as Elder Futhorc in this case.
Normally Futhorc is simply referred to as Futhorc, & Oakbirch is simply referred to as Oakbirch.
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Younger Futhorc refers to Oakbirch in the Futhorc Arrangement.
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Oakbirch, when returned to the order of Futhorc, becomes the "Younger Futhorc".
Younger Futhorc uses F ᚠ Feoh, V ᛓ Veoh, K ᛣ Kalc, Q ᛦ Qalc, Qu ᛢ Queorth, & Ch ᛤ Chealc as to be compatible with modern English from the 20th century onwards.
However the arrangement of Younger Futhorc is not typically used today, as Oakbirch is the easiest teaching method, as the Modern English Latin Alphabet is the first taught in English schools.
If Oakbirch is ever arranged into a Futhorc, is it referred to as Younger Futhorc to differentiate it from Futhorc, which logically is referred to as Elder Futhorc in this case.
Normally Futhorc is simply referred to as Futhorc, & Oakbirch is simply referred to as Oakbirch.
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Younger Futhorc refers to Oakbirch in the Futhorc Arrangement.
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O A K B I R CH
卍 The 28 Rune Short Oakbirch 卐
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Due to language changing over time the actual rune name often doesn't match the letter it represents in current English, as such this educational Oakbirch was designed to address this, as the primary part of the meaning carries the current English letter which corresponds to the rune, & the latter carries the actual historic meaning.
The 28 rune short Oakbirch is all you need to transliterate current English in to runes.
Even the 28 rune form of Oakbirch maintains both Æsc, & Œthel, as both are in use, in words such as encyclopædia, & phœnix.
These 28 runes are the core runes of the current era, & should be the first you learn.
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A • ᚪ • Awesome Oak • Ac
B • ᛒ • Brilliant Birch • Beorc
C • ᚳ • Clever Torch • Cen
D • ᛞ • Dutiful Day • Dæg
E • ᛖ • Energetic Horse • Eoh
F • ᚠ • Frightful Wealth • Feoh
G • ᚷ • Great Gift • Gifu
H • ᚻ • Heavy Hail • Hægl
I • ᛁ • Invisible Ice • Is
J • ᛄ • Jumping Year • Jear
K • ᛣ • King’s Chalice • Kalc
L • ᛚ • Lovely Lake • Lagu
M • ᛗ • Mighty Man • Man
N • ᚾ • Never Need • Nyd
O • ᚩ • Omnipotent God • Os
P • ᛈ • Playful Game • Peorth
Q • ᛦ • Queen’s Chalice • Qalc
R • ᚱ • Radical Ride • Rad
S • ᛋ • Super Sun • Sigel
T • ᛏ • Tremendous Tiw • Tiw
U • ᚢ • Unique Cattle • Ur
V • ᛓ • Very Wealthy • Veoh
W • ᚹ • Wonderful Joy • Wynn
X • ᛉ • Xyloid Elk-Sedge • Xeolh
Y • ᚣ • Yellow Bow • Yr
Z • ᛇ • Zooming Yew • Zeoh
Æ • ᚫ • Amazing Ash • Æsc
Œ • ᛟ • Old Estate • Œthel
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Feoh • Veoh
卍 The 36 Rune Long Oakbirch 卐
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Oakbirch consists of the 36 unique runes below, & in bold, you'll see the variants of K/Q, & F/V used, which extend Oakbirch to 36 runes, from the 34 runes of Futhorc.
Originally ᛓ represented F/V, & ᛣ represented K/Q, however for clarity we now use the variants to differentiate.
The thinking behind this is that since a lower-case f is curved, the curved ᚠ form of Feoh is apt, as is the straight ᛓ form of Veoh when matched to the straight form of v.
The same applies to the straight form of k with the straight ᛣ form of Kalc, & the curved form of q with the curved ᛦ form of Qalc.
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1
A • ᚪ • Awesome Oak • Ac
2
B • ᛒ • Brilliant Birch • Beorc
3
C • ᚳ • Clever Torch • Cen
4
D • ᛞ • Dutiful Day • Dæg
5
E • ᛖ • Energetic Horse • Eoh
6
F • ᚠ • Frightful Wealth • Feoh
7
G • ᚷ • Great Gift • Gifu
8
H • ᚻ • Heavy Hail • Hægl
9
I • ᛁ • Invisible Ice • Is
10
J • ᛄ • Jumping Year • Jear
11
K • ᛣ • King’s Chalice • Kalc
12
L • ᛚ • Lovely Lake • Lagu
13
M • ᛗ • Mighty Man • Man
14
N • ᚾ • Never Need • Nyd
15
O • ᚩ • Omnipotent God • Os
16
P • ᛈ • Playful Game • Peorth
17
Q • ᛦ • Queen’s Chalice • Qalc
18
R • ᚱ • Radical Ride • Rad
19
S • ᛋ • Super Sun • Sigel
20
T • ᛏ • Tremendous Tiw • Tiw
21
U • ᚢ • Unique Cattle • Ur
22
V • ᛓ • Very Wealthy • Veoh
23
W • ᚹ • Wonderful Joy • Wynn
24
X • ᛉ • Xyloid Elk-Sedge • Xeolh
25
Y • ᚣ • Yellow Bow • Yr
26
Z • ᛇ • Zooming Yew • Zeoh
27
Æ • ᚫ • Amazing Ash • Æsc
28
Œ • ᛟ • Old Estate • Œthel
29
Ea • ᛠ • Earth-Auld Grave • Ear
30
Gh • ᚸ • Great-Honed Spear • Gar
31
Io • ᛡ • Ion-Oil Eel • Ior
32
Ch • ᛤ • Chalk-Handle Chalice • Chealc
33
Ng • ᛝ • Noble-God Ing • Ing
34
Qu • ᛢ • Quiet-Unlit Fire • Queorth
35
St • ᛥ • Stand-Tall Stone • Stan
36
Th • ᚦ • Thick-Haft Thorn • Thorn
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F / V
Feoh ᚠ, splits for ᛓ Veoh.
K / Q
ᛣ Kalc, splits for ᛦ Qalc.
Qw / Qu
ᛢ Qweorth becomes ᛢ Queorth.
Kk / Ch
ᛤ Kkealc becomes ᛤ Chealc.
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Kalc • Qalc
卍 Uncommon Rune Use 卐
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Æ • ᚫ • Amazing Ash • Æsc
Examples: Encyclopædia • Mediæval • Archæology • Dæmon • Æther
Œ • ᛟ • Old Estate • Œthel
Examples: Phœnix • Manœuvre • Fœtus • Œdipus • Tragœdy
Ea • ᛠ • Earth-Auld Grave • Ear
Examples: Earth • Eat • Fear
Gh • ᚸ • Great-Honed Spear • Gar
Examples: Ghost • Ghoul • Ghana
Io • ᛡ • Ion-Oil Eel • Ior
Examples: Fusion • Ionic • Biological
Ch • ᛤ • Chalk-Handle Chalice • Chealc
Examples: Chalk • Cheese • Chosen
Ng • ᛝ • Noble-God Ing • Ing
Examples: Moving • England • Flying
Qu • ᛢ • Quiet-Unlit Fire • Queorth
Examples: Quiet • Queen • Quick
St • ᛥ • Stand-Tall Stone • Stan
Examples: Stand • Stone • Frost
Th • ᚦ • Thick-Haft Thorn • Thorn
Examples: Thick • Thorn • Gothic
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Qalc • Queorth
卍 Qualc, & Queorth 卐
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Special attention must be given to
Q • ᛦ • Queen’s Chalice • Qalc
&
Qu • ᛢ • Quiet-Unlit Fire • Queorth
Due to "Qu" being standard in English, Queorth will be used almost exclusively when writing words in runes today.
In English it is very rare to find any Q words without the following U.
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Q word examples:
Qi: East-Asian life force.
Qaid: Arabic Commander.
Tranq: Short form of "tranquiliser".
Qwerty: A typographic keyboard layout.
Sheqel: Israeli currency.
Qintar: Monetary unit of Albania, equal to one hundredth of a lek.
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Cen • Hægl • Chealc
卍 Cen, Hægl & Chealc 卐
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Special attention must be given to
C • ᚳ • Clever Torch • Cen
H • ᚻ • Heavy Hail • Hægl
&
Ch • ᛤ • Chalk-Handle Chalice • Chealc
Cen, when placed next to Hægl do not typically represent the sound represented by Chealc.
Chaos is written: C.H.A.O.S. • ᚳ ᚻ ᚪ ᚩ ᛋ
whereas
Chick is written: CH.I.C.K. • ᛤ ᛁ ᚳ ᛣ
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This is because we have three word origins that change the sound of "Ch" which are as follows:
Ch = tʃ • K = kʰ • Sh = ʃ
Ch • tʃ • Ch • ᛤ
English Word Origin.
Church, Chalk, Cheese, Cherry.
Church, Chalk, Cheese, Cherry.
Ch • kʰ • K • ᚳᚻ
Greek Word Origin.
Ache, Choir, School, Schedule, Stomach.
Ake, Koir, Skool, Skedule, Stomak.
Ch • ʃ • Sh • ᚳᚻ
French Word Origin.
Charade, Machine, Chivalry, Nonchalant.
Sharade, Mashine, Shivalry, Nonshalant.
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U N I C O D E
卍 The Runic Unicode Block 卐
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Cyber-runes came to Unicode 3.0 in 1999CE, & the request for them was placed in 1997CE.
The runic block originally contained 81 runes, with 8 added in Unicode 7.0, bringing the current total to 89 cyber-runes.
Unfortunately not all runes display across all devices, & operating systems at this time, but it is always improving.
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ᚠᚡᚢᚣᚤᚥᚦᚧᚨᚩᚪᚫᚬᚭᚮᚯᚰᚱᚲᚳᚴᚵᚶᚷᚸᚹᚺᚻᚼᚽᚾᚿᛀᛁᛂᛃᛄᛅᛆᛇᛈ
ᛉᛊᛋᛌᛍᛎᛏᛐᛑᛒᛓᛔᛕᛖᛗᛘᛙᛚᛛᛜᛝᛞᛟᛠᛡᛢᛣᛤᛥᛦᛧᛨᛩᛪ᛫᛬᛭ᛮᛯᛰ
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C Y B E R • R U N E S
卍 The First 81 Cyber Runes 卐
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The 36 runes of Oakbirch are high-lighted in red below, within the list of the first 81 cyber-runes.
01 • ᚠ • F • Universal (1)
02 • ᚡ • V • Scandinavian Medieval
03 • ᚢ • U • Universal (2)
04 • ᚣ • Y • English (3)
05 • ᚤ • Y • Scandinavian Medieval
06 • ᚥ • W • Scandinavian Medieval
07 • ᚦ • Th • Universal (4)
08 • ᚧ • Eth • Scandinavian Medieval
09 • ᚨ • A • Proto-Norse
10 • ᚩ • O • English (5)
11 • ᚪ • A • English (6)
12 • ᚫ • Ae • English (7)
13 • ᚬ • O • Danish Long-Branch
14 • ᚭ • O • Swedish-Norwegian Short-Twig
15 • ᚮ • O • Scandinavian Medieval
16 • ᚯ • Œ • Scandinavian Medieval
17 • ᚰ • On • Scandinavian Medieval (Bind-Rune)
18 • ᚱ • R • Universal (8)
19 • ᚲ • K • Proto-Norse
20 • ᚳ • C • English (9)
21 • ᚴ • K • Danish Long-Branch & Swedish-Norwegian Short-Twig & Scandinavian Medieval
22 • ᚵ • Ng • Scandinavian Medieval
23 • ᚶ • Eng • Scandinavian Medieval
24 • ᚷ • G • Proto-Norse & English (10)
25 • ᚸ • Gh • English (11)
26 • ᚹ • W • Proto-Norse & English (12)
27 • ᚺ • H • Proto-Norse
28 • ᚻ • H • English (13)
29 • ᚼ • H • Danish Long-Branch
30 • ᚽ • H • Short-Twig
31 • ᚾ • N • Proto-Norse & English & Danish Long-Branch (14)
32 • ᚿ • N • Swedish-Norwegian Short-Twig & Scandinavian Medieval
33 • ᛀ • N • Scandinavian Medieval
34 • ᛁ • I • Universal (15)
35 • ᛂ • E • Scandinavian Medieval
36 • ᛃ • J • Proto-Norse
37 • ᛄ • J • English (16)
38 • ᛅ • Ar • Danish Long-Branch & Scandinavian Medieval
39 • ᛆ • Ar • Swedish-Norwegian Short-Twig & Scandinavian Medieval
40 • ᛇ • Z • Proto-Norse & English (17)
41 • ᛈ • P • Proto-Norse & English (18)
42 • ᛉ • X • Proto-Norse & English (19)
43 • ᛊ • S • Proto-Norse
44 • ᛋ • S • English & Danish Long-Branch & Scandinavian Medieval (20)
45 • ᛌ • S • Swedish-Norwegian Short-Twig & Scandinavian Medieval
46 • ᛍ • C • Scandinavian Medieval
47 • ᛎ • Z • Scandinavian Medieval
48 • ᛏ • T • Proto-Norse & English & Danish Long-Branch (21)
49 • ᛐ • T • Swedish-Norwegian Short-Twig & Scandinavian Medieval
50 • ᛑ • D • Scandinavian Medieval
51 • ᛒ • B • Proto-Norse & English & Danish Long-Branch & Scan’ Medieval (22)
52 • ᛓ • B • Swedish-Norwegian Short-Twig (V in English Oakbirch) (23)
53 • ᛔ • P • Scandinavian Medieval
54 • ᛕ • P • Scandinavian Medieval
55 • ᛖ • E • Proto-Norse & English (24)
56 • ᛗ • M • Proto-Norse & English (25)
57 • ᛘ • M • Danish Long-Branch & Scandinavian Medieval
58 • ᛙ • M • Swedish-Norwegian Short-Twig & Scandinavian Medieval
59 • ᛚ • L • Universal (26)
60 • ᛛ • L • Scandinavian Medieval
61 • ᛜ • Ng • Proto-Norse
62 • ᛝ • Ng • English (27)
63 • ᛞ • D • Proto-Norse & English (28)
64 • ᛟ • O • Proto-Norse (Œ in English) (29)
65 • ᛠ • Ea • English (30)
66 • ᛡ • Io • English (31)
67 • ᛢ • Qu • English (32) (Originally rendered as Qw)
68 • ᛣ • K • English (33)
69 • ᛤ • Ch • English (34) (Originally rendered as Kk)
70 • ᛥ • St • English (35)
71 • ᛦ • Yr • Danish Long-Branch & Scandinavian Medieval (Q in English Oakbirch) (36)
72 • ᛧ • Yr • Swedish-Norwegian Short-Twig
73 • ᛨ • Yr • Scandinavian Medieval (Icelandic)
74 • ᛩ • Q • Scandinavian Medieval
75 • ᛪ • X • Scandinavian Medieval
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Punctuation
76 • ᛫ • Universal Single Punctuation
77 • ᛬ • Universal Double Punctuation
78 • ᛭ • Universal Cross Punctuation
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Calendar Enumeration
79 • ᛮ • Early Modern Arlaug "17"
80 • ᛯ • Early Modern Tvimadur "18"
81 • ᛰ • Early Modern Belgthor "19"
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A G E
卍 Runes by Age 卐
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Elder Futhark
Proto-Norse Futhark
150CE - 800CE
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Elder Futhorc
Old English Futhorc
400CE - 1100CE
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Younger Futhark
Old Danish Futhark
800CE - 1100CE
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Younger Futhark
Old Danish Long-Branch
800CE - 1100CE
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Younger Futhark
Old Swedish-Norwegian Rok
800CE - 1100CE
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Younger Futhark
Old Swedish-Norwegian Staveless
800CE - 1100CE
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Medieval Runes
Middle Danish
1100CE - 1500CE
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Dalecarlian Runes
Middle Swedish Dalecarlian
1500CE - 1800CE
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J. R. R. Tolkien's Runes
Modern English Cirth
1937CE - Present
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Younger Futhorc
Modern English Futhorc
1999CE - Present
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Oakbirch
Modern English Oakbirch
1999CE - Present
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Latin Alphabet |
Proto-Norse Elder Futhark |
English Elder Futhorc |
Danish Younger Futhark |
English Younger Futhorc |
A |
ᚫ |
ᚪ |
ᚭ |
ᚪ |
B |
ᛒ |
ᛒ |
ᛒ |
ᛒ |
C |
- |
ᚳ |
- |
ᚳ |
D |
ᛞ |
ᛞ |
- |
ᛞ |
E |
ᛖ |
ᛖ |
- |
ᛖ |
F |
ᚠ |
⬇️ ᚠ |
ᚠ |
ᚠ |
G |
ᚷ |
ᚷ |
- |
ᚷ |
H |
ᚺ |
ᚻ |
ᛡ |
ᚻ |
I |
ᛁ |
ᛁ |
ᛁ |
ᛁ |
J |
ᛃ |
ᛄ |
- |
ᛄ |
K |
ᚲ |
⬇️ ᛣ |
ᚴ |
ᛣ |
L |
ᛚ |
ᛚ |
ᛚ |
ᛚ |
M |
ᛗ |
ᛗ |
ᛘ |
ᛗ |
N |
ᚾ |
ᚾ |
ᚾ |
ᚾ |
O |
ᛟ |
ᚩ |
- |
ᚩ |
P |
ᛈ |
ᛈ |
- |
ᛈ |
Q |
- |
⬆️ ᛣ ➡️ |
- |
ᛦ ⬅️ |
R |
ᚱ |
ᚱ |
ᚱ |
ᚱ |
S |
ᛊ |
ᛋ |
ᛋ |
ᛋ |
T |
ᛏ |
ᛏ |
ᛏ |
ᛏ |
U |
ᚢ |
ᚢ |
ᚢ |
ᚢ |
V |
- |
⬆️ ᚠ ➡️ |
- |
ᛓ ⬅️ |
W |
ᚹ |
ᚹ |
- |
ᚹ |
X |
- |
ᛉ |
- |
ᛉ |
Y |
- |
ᚣ |
ᛦ |
ᚣ |
Z |
ᛉ |
ᛇ |
- |
ᛇ |
Æ |
ᛇ |
ᚫ |
ᛅ |
ᚫ |
Œ |
- |
ᛟ |
- |
ᛟ |
Ea |
- |
ᛠ |
- |
ᛠ |
Gh |
- |
ᚸ |
- |
ᚸ |
Io |
- |
ᛡ |
- |
ᛡ |
Kk • Ch |
- |
ᛤ |
- |
ᛤ |
Ng |
ᛜ |
ᛝ |
- |
ᛝ |
Qw • Qu |
- |
ᛢ |
- |
ᛢ |
St |
- |
ᛥ |
- |
ᛥ |
Th |
ᚦ |
ᚦ |
ᚦ |
ᚦ |
卍 English Runes 卐
A ᚪ • B ᛒ • C ᚳ
D ᛞ • E ᛖ • F ᚠ
G ᚷ • H ᚻ • I ᛁ
J ᛄ • K ᛣ • L ᛚ
M ᛗ • N ᚾ • O ᚩ
P ᛈ • Q ᛦ • R ᚱ
S ᛋ • T ᛏ • U ᚢ
V ᛓ • W ᚹ • X ᛉ
Y ᚣ • Z ᛇ • Æ ᚫ
Œ ᛟ • Ea ᛠ • Gh ᚸ
Io ᛡ • Ch ᛤ • Ng ᛝ
Qu ᛢ • St ᛥ • Th ᚦ
卍 Oakbirch Examples 卐
🔲
The choir sang as the machine demolished the mediæval church.
ᚦᛖ ᚳᚻᚩᛁᚱ ᛋᚪᛝ ᚪᛋ ᚦᛖ ᛗᚪᚳᚻᛁᚾᛖ ᛞᛖᛗᚩᛚᛁᛋᚻᛖᛞ ᚦᛖ ᛗᛖᛞᛁᚫᛓᚪᛚ ᛤᚢᚱᛤ.
🔲
There was chaos as chunks fell.
ᚦᛖᚱᛖ ᚹᚪᛋ ᚳᚻᚪᚩᛋ ᚪᛋ ᛤᚢᚾᛣᛋ ᚠᛖᛚᛚ.
🔲
The phœnix rose.
ᚦᛖ ᛈᚻᛟᚾᛁᛉ ᚱᚩᛋᛖ.
🔲
Israelis pay for quality goods with sheqels.
ᛁᛋᚱᚪᛖᛚᛁᛋ ᛈᚪᚣ ᚠᚩᚱ ᛢᚪᛚᛁᛏᚣ ᚷᚩᚩᛞᛋ ᚹᛁᚦ ᛋᚻᛖᛦᛖᛚᛋ.
🔲
卍 The Rune Poems 卐
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There are four rune poems
🔲
The 7th century English Rune Poem.
🔲
The 13th century Norwegian Rune Poem.
🔲
The 15th century Icelandic Rune Poem.
🔲
The 19th century Swedish Rune Poem.
🔲
There are four rune poems
🔲
The 7th century English Rune Poem.
🔲
The 13th century Norwegian Rune Poem.
🔲
The 15th century Icelandic Rune Poem.
🔲
The 19th century Swedish Rune Poem.
🔲
卍 The English Rune Poem 卐
🔲
F • ᚠ • Frightful Wealth • Feoh
Wealth is a comfort to every man,
although every man must share it out greatly
if he would obtain a portion of the lord’s glory.
🔲
U • ᚢ • Unique Cattle • Ur
The ox is single-minded and over-horned,
most savage beast, fighting with his horns,
well-known moor-stepper. That is a proud creature.
🔲
Th • ᚦ • Thick-Haft Thorn • Thorn
Thorns are severely sharp. To any thane
seizing it is an evil, measurelessly cruel
to every man who comes to rest upon it.
🔲
O • ᚩ • Omnipotent God • Os
The mouth is the beginning of all speech,
a support to wisdom and a comfort to the wise,
and a prosperity and trust to every earl.
🔲
R • ᚱ • Radical Ride • Rad
Riding is a comfort to every warrior
in the hall, and very trying to those who sit upon
a powerful courser over the mile-paths.
🔲
C • ᚳ • Clever Torch • Cen
A torch is known by every living being to be on fire,
white and bright, most often burning
where the nobles rest themselves within.
🔲
G • ᚷ • Great Gift • Gifu
Gifts are an honour and praise of men,
a support and a distinction, and to every wretch
mercy and meat to those who are free from other possessions.
🔲
W • ᚹ • Wonderful Joy • Wynn
Joy is enjoyed by those who little know of woe,
pains and sorrow, and to those who have of themselves
profit and bliss and also many citadels.
🔲
H • ᚻ • Heavy Hail • Hægl
Hail is the whitest of grains. It comes down from heaven’s breeze,
the wind’s showers rolls it down, and after it becomes water.
🔲
N • ᚾ • Never Need • Nyd
Need is a constraint on the breast, although it often comes to the sons of men
a help and a healing of every one, if they hearken to his demands before.
🔲
I • ᛁ • Invisible Ice • Is
Ice is really cold, measurelessly slippery
glistening clear as glass, most like gemstones
a floor created by frost, and a fair face.
🔲
J • ᛄ • Jumping Year • Jear
The new year is the hope of men, when god allows,
the holy heaven’s king, the earth to give
her bright fruits to rich and poor alike.
🔲
Z • ᛇ • Zooming Yew • Zeoh
The yew is an unsmooth tree without,
hard, fixed to the earth, a warden of fires,
supported by its roots, a joy in the home.
🔲
P • ᛈ • Playful Game • Peorth
Peorth is always a play and laughter
to the proud where warriors sit
in the beer-hall, happy together.
🔲
X • ᛉ • Xyloid Elk-Sedge • Xeolh
Elk-sedge keeps its home most often in the swamps,
it grows in the water, and grimly wounds,
it burns the blood of any man who grasps it.
🔲
S • ᛋ • Super Sun • Sigel
The sun is ever a hope to seamen,
when they carry themselves over the fishes’ bath,
until their brine-horses bring them to shore.
🔲
T • ᛏ • Tremendous Tiw • Tiw
Tiw is a certain token, it keeps its troth well
with noble men. It is always on its journey
over the clouds of night, never wandering.
🔲
B • ᛒ • Brilliant Birch • Beorc
Birch lacks fruit, even though it bears
shoots without seed. It is lovely in its branches,
high in its crown and fairly adorned,
laden with leaves, pressing into the breeze.
🔲
E • ᛖ • Energetic Horse • Eoh
Horses are for earls the joy of noblemen,
a steed proud in its hooves, where the heroes about him,
prosperous on horseback, weave their speech,
and ever a comfort to those on the move.
🔲
M • ᛗ • Mighty Man • Man
Man is in mirth, dear to his brother;
though every one must depart to another place,
because the Lord wishes, through his own doom,
that our wretched flesh be commended to the earth.
🔲
L • ᛚ • Lovely Lake • Lagu
The waters seem to men to be broad,
if they should venture upon an unstable ship,
and the sea-waves terrify them so,
and the brine-horse cares not for his bridle.
🔲
Ng • ᛝ • Noble-God Ing • Ing
Ing was first among the Eastern Danes
seen by men, until he soon afterwards
departed over the ways, a wagon running after him.
Thus bold men named this hero.
🔲
Œ • ᛟ • Old Estate • Œthel
A homeland is very dear to every man,
if there he may enjoy in his household
what is right and fitting, very often with its fruits.
🔲
D • ᛞ • Dutiful Day • Dæg
The day is the lord’s message, dear to men,
the renowned light of the measurer, a mirth and troth
to the prosperous and the wretched, useful to all.
🔲
A • ᚪ • Awesome Oak • Ac
The oak is fodder for flesh on earth
for the sons of men. It frequently ferries
over the gannet’s bath. The spear-waves test
whether the oak possesses reliability for noble men.
🔲
Æ • ᚫ • Amazing Ash • Æsc
The ash is very tall, dear to men,
stout in its trunk, its hilt is rightfully fixed,
although it fights against many men.
🔲
Y • ᚣ • Yellow Bow • Yr
A bow is for every noble and earl
a joy and an honour. It is fair on horseback,
support on a journey, some part of a warrior’s tackle.
🔲
Gh • ᚸ • Great-Honed Spear • Gar
The gar is a river-fish, and though he takes
his food on land, he owns a lovely home
surrounded by water, where he lives in joy.
🔲
Ea • ᛠ • Earth-Auld Grave • Ear
The grave is terrible to every earl,
when the fixed flesh begins,
the corpse cooling, to choose the earth
paleness as its bed-mate. Fruits fail,
joys depart, mankind ceases to be.
🔲
F • ᚠ • Frightful Wealth • Feoh
Wealth is a comfort to every man,
although every man must share it out greatly
if he would obtain a portion of the lord’s glory.
🔲
U • ᚢ • Unique Cattle • Ur
The ox is single-minded and over-horned,
most savage beast, fighting with his horns,
well-known moor-stepper. That is a proud creature.
🔲
Th • ᚦ • Thick-Haft Thorn • Thorn
Thorns are severely sharp. To any thane
seizing it is an evil, measurelessly cruel
to every man who comes to rest upon it.
🔲
O • ᚩ • Omnipotent God • Os
The mouth is the beginning of all speech,
a support to wisdom and a comfort to the wise,
and a prosperity and trust to every earl.
🔲
R • ᚱ • Radical Ride • Rad
Riding is a comfort to every warrior
in the hall, and very trying to those who sit upon
a powerful courser over the mile-paths.
🔲
C • ᚳ • Clever Torch • Cen
A torch is known by every living being to be on fire,
white and bright, most often burning
where the nobles rest themselves within.
🔲
G • ᚷ • Great Gift • Gifu
Gifts are an honour and praise of men,
a support and a distinction, and to every wretch
mercy and meat to those who are free from other possessions.
🔲
W • ᚹ • Wonderful Joy • Wynn
Joy is enjoyed by those who little know of woe,
pains and sorrow, and to those who have of themselves
profit and bliss and also many citadels.
🔲
H • ᚻ • Heavy Hail • Hægl
Hail is the whitest of grains. It comes down from heaven’s breeze,
the wind’s showers rolls it down, and after it becomes water.
🔲
N • ᚾ • Never Need • Nyd
Need is a constraint on the breast, although it often comes to the sons of men
a help and a healing of every one, if they hearken to his demands before.
🔲
I • ᛁ • Invisible Ice • Is
Ice is really cold, measurelessly slippery
glistening clear as glass, most like gemstones
a floor created by frost, and a fair face.
🔲
J • ᛄ • Jumping Year • Jear
The new year is the hope of men, when god allows,
the holy heaven’s king, the earth to give
her bright fruits to rich and poor alike.
🔲
Z • ᛇ • Zooming Yew • Zeoh
The yew is an unsmooth tree without,
hard, fixed to the earth, a warden of fires,
supported by its roots, a joy in the home.
🔲
P • ᛈ • Playful Game • Peorth
Peorth is always a play and laughter
to the proud where warriors sit
in the beer-hall, happy together.
🔲
X • ᛉ • Xyloid Elk-Sedge • Xeolh
Elk-sedge keeps its home most often in the swamps,
it grows in the water, and grimly wounds,
it burns the blood of any man who grasps it.
🔲
S • ᛋ • Super Sun • Sigel
The sun is ever a hope to seamen,
when they carry themselves over the fishes’ bath,
until their brine-horses bring them to shore.
🔲
T • ᛏ • Tremendous Tiw • Tiw
Tiw is a certain token, it keeps its troth well
with noble men. It is always on its journey
over the clouds of night, never wandering.
🔲
B • ᛒ • Brilliant Birch • Beorc
Birch lacks fruit, even though it bears
shoots without seed. It is lovely in its branches,
high in its crown and fairly adorned,
laden with leaves, pressing into the breeze.
🔲
E • ᛖ • Energetic Horse • Eoh
Horses are for earls the joy of noblemen,
a steed proud in its hooves, where the heroes about him,
prosperous on horseback, weave their speech,
and ever a comfort to those on the move.
🔲
M • ᛗ • Mighty Man • Man
Man is in mirth, dear to his brother;
though every one must depart to another place,
because the Lord wishes, through his own doom,
that our wretched flesh be commended to the earth.
🔲
L • ᛚ • Lovely Lake • Lagu
The waters seem to men to be broad,
if they should venture upon an unstable ship,
and the sea-waves terrify them so,
and the brine-horse cares not for his bridle.
🔲
Ng • ᛝ • Noble-God Ing • Ing
Ing was first among the Eastern Danes
seen by men, until he soon afterwards
departed over the ways, a wagon running after him.
Thus bold men named this hero.
🔲
Œ • ᛟ • Old Estate • Œthel
A homeland is very dear to every man,
if there he may enjoy in his household
what is right and fitting, very often with its fruits.
🔲
D • ᛞ • Dutiful Day • Dæg
The day is the lord’s message, dear to men,
the renowned light of the measurer, a mirth and troth
to the prosperous and the wretched, useful to all.
🔲
A • ᚪ • Awesome Oak • Ac
The oak is fodder for flesh on earth
for the sons of men. It frequently ferries
over the gannet’s bath. The spear-waves test
whether the oak possesses reliability for noble men.
🔲
Æ • ᚫ • Amazing Ash • Æsc
The ash is very tall, dear to men,
stout in its trunk, its hilt is rightfully fixed,
although it fights against many men.
🔲
Y • ᚣ • Yellow Bow • Yr
A bow is for every noble and earl
a joy and an honour. It is fair on horseback,
support on a journey, some part of a warrior’s tackle.
🔲
Gh • ᚸ • Great-Honed Spear • Gar
The gar is a river-fish, and though he takes
his food on land, he owns a lovely home
surrounded by water, where he lives in joy.
🔲
Ea • ᛠ • Earth-Auld Grave • Ear
The grave is terrible to every earl,
when the fixed flesh begins,
the corpse cooling, to choose the earth
paleness as its bed-mate. Fruits fail,
joys depart, mankind ceases to be.
🔲